Ranking
Roles where human trust, physical context, and judgment remain dominant.
Top 50 roles sorted by lowest exposure benchmark.
#1High confidenceToolingNAHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Nurse Anesthetists is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 11% • SOC 29-1151.00
#2High confidenceInsightAMLegal • Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 13% • SOC 23-1022.00
#3High confidenceCoordinationFMHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Family Medicine Physicians is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 13% • SOC 29-1215.00
#4High confidenceInsightGIHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
General Internal Medicine Physicians is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 13% • SOC 29-1216.00
#5High confidenceWorkflowAEducational Instruction and Library • Educational Services
Archivists is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 14% • SOC 25-4011.00
#6High confidenceCoordinationEMHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Emergency Medicine Physicians is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 14% • SOC 29-1214.00
#7High confidenceWorkflowAEEducational Instruction and Library • Educational Services
Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 15% • SOC 25-1062.00
#8Medium confidenceToolingOSHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Orthopedic Surgeons, Except Pediatric is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 15% • SOC 29-1242.00
#9High confidenceWorkflowRAEducational Instruction and Library • Educational Services
Recreation and Fitness Studies Teachers, Postsecondary is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 15% • SOC 25-1193.00
#10Medium confidenceAnalysisSMHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Sports Medicine Physicians is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 15% • SOC 29-1229.06
#11High confidenceOperationsDAHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Dietitians and Nutritionists is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 16% • SOC 29-1031.00
#12Medium confidenceToolingLTEducational Instruction and Library • Educational Services
Law Teachers, Postsecondary is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 16% • SOC 25-1112.00
#13High confidenceInsightMHCommunity and Social Service • Public Administration
Mental Health Counselors is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 16% • SOC 21-1014.00
#14High confidenceOperationsPAHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Physician Assistants is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 16% • SOC 29-1071.00
#15Medium confidenceWorkflowSWEducational Instruction and Library • Educational Services
Social Work Teachers, Postsecondary is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 16% • SOC 25-1113.00
#16High confidencePlanningAHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Acupuncturists is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 17% • SOC 29-1291.00
#17High confidenceAnalysisESEducational Instruction and Library • Public Administration
Environmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 17% • SOC 25-1053.00
#18High confidenceInsightFAEducational Instruction and Library • Public Administration
Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 17% • SOC 25-1043.00
#19High confidenceWorkflowSEEducational Instruction and Library • Public Administration
Special Education Teachers, Preschool is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 17% • SOC 25-2051.00
#20High confidenceOperationsCEManagement • Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services
Chief Executives is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 18% • SOC 11-1011.00
#21High confidenceAnalysisCHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Chiropractors is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 18% • SOC 29-1011.00
#22High confidenceWorkflowGCHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Genetic Counselors is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 18% • SOC 29-9092.00
#23Low confidenceAnalysisJLLegal • Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
Judicial Law Clerks is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 18% • SOC 23-1012.00
#24High confidenceInsightPTEducational Instruction and Library • Public Administration
Physics Teachers, Postsecondary is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 18% • SOC 25-1054.00
#25Medium confidenceExecutionAAManagement • Finance and Insurance
Architectural and Engineering Managers is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 19% • SOC 11-9041.00
#26High confidenceProductivityHSEducational Instruction and Library • Public Administration
Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 19% • SOC 25-1071.00
#27High confidenceInsightLLegal • Public Administration
Lawyers is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 19% • SOC 23-1011.00
#28High confidenceProductivityPTEducational Instruction and Library • Educational Services
Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 19% • SOC 25-1066.00
#29High confidenceAnalysisUALife, Physical, and Social Science • Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
Urban and Regional Planners is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 19% • SOC 19-3051.00
#30High confidenceExecutionVHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Veterinarians is currently AI-resistant due to physical, trust-based, or high-judgment responsibilities.
Exposure benchmark: 19% • SOC 29-1131.00
#31High confidenceSystemsAPHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 20% • SOC 29-1141.02
#32Medium confidencePlanningATHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Athletic Trainers remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 20% • SOC 29-9091.00
#33High confidenceExecutionCCommunity and Social Service • Public Administration
Clergy remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 20% • SOC 21-2011.00
#34High confidencePlanningFAEducational Instruction and Library • Educational Services
Family and Consumer Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 20% • SOC 25-1192.00
#35High confidenceWorkflowFLEducational Instruction and Library • Educational Services
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 20% • SOC 25-1124.00
#36High confidenceSystemsSPHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Speech-Language Pathologists remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 20% • SOC 29-1127.00
#37High confidenceSystemsALLegal • Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 21% • SOC 23-1021.00
#38High confidenceAnalysisATEducational Instruction and Library • Educational Services
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 21% • SOC 25-1031.00
#39High confidenceCoordinationAHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Audiologists remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 21% • SOC 29-1181.00
#40High confidenceToolingBSEducational Instruction and Library • Public Administration
Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 21% • SOC 25-1042.00
#41High confidenceExecutionHLife, Physical, and Social Science • Health Care and Social Assistance
Historians remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 21% • SOC 19-3093.00
#42High confidenceAnalysisHLife, Physical, and Social Science • Health Care and Social Assistance
Hydrologists remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 21% • SOC 19-2043.00
#43High confidenceOperationsLVHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Low Vision Therapists, Orientation and Mobility Specialists, and Vision Rehabilitation Therapists remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 21% • SOC 29-1122.01
#44High confidenceAnalysisOAHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Orthotists and Prosthetists remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 21% • SOC 29-2091.00
#45High confidenceAnalysisPSHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Pediatric Surgeons remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 21% • SOC 29-1243.00
#46High confidenceToolingCALife, Physical, and Social Science • Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
Clinical and Counseling Psychologists remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 22% • SOC 19-3033.00
#47High confidenceOperationsCHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Cytotechnologists remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 22% • SOC 29-2011.02
#48High confidenceSystemsERLife, Physical, and Social Science • Health Care and Social Assistance
Environmental Restoration Planners remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 22% • SOC 19-2041.02
#49High confidenceSystemsIELife, Physical, and Social Science • Health Care and Social Assistance
Industrial Ecologists remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 22% • SOC 19-2041.03
#50High confidenceOperationsNPHealthcare Practitioners and Technical • Health Care and Social Assistance
Nurse Practitioners remains mostly human-led, with selective automation opportunities in support work.
Exposure benchmark: 22% • SOC 29-1171.00